Gothic Elements In Jane Eyre - 872 Words

Gothic literature rose to fame in the late Victorian era, causing a global widespread of dark, horrific elements in writing. Gothic literature creates imagination of supernatural events and feelings of mystery and fear. In Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Gothic novel, Jane Eyre, Jane’s character develops and perseveres past her difficult setbacks, finding her true love, Mr. Rochester, along her journey. Descriptions of Jane’s surroundings and character’s features highlight the dark, fearful feeling prominent in the novel. The Gothic elements in Jane Eyre are depicted through her experience in the red room, the setting of Thornfield Hall, and the atmosphere of ghostly mystery, thanks to the character of Bertha Mason. Jane’s confined, traumatic†¦show more content†¦Upon arriving to start her new governess profession, Jane depicts the visual image of the home as that of a scary, old mansion. Although it is not a usual, Gothic castle, Thornfield Hallâ₠¬â„¢s Gothic architecture and atmosphere displays intense uneasiness. Initially viewing the mansion, Jane notices â€Å"candle-light gleamed from one curtained bow-window,† with the rest in complete darkness (105). The ancestral home is in a remote, isolated location with many vacant, mysterious rooms and old, dark dà ©cor. In the third story of the mansion, the furniture depicted â€Å"the aspect of a home of the past—a shrine of memories† (118). Exploring the house, Jane enjoyed â€Å"listening with delight to the cawing of the rooks† (111). According to Brendan Hennessy, in â€Å"The Gothic Novel†, â€Å"The [Gothic] scene that hauntingly recurs is of large, black mysterious birds encircling a castle.† Jane further describes the dark setting with â€Å"an array of mighty old thorn trees, strong, [and] knotty† (110). As Hennessy asserts, Gothic â€Å"buildings display all the paraphernalia of fear.† Correspondingly, these de scriptions of Thornfield Hall provide a visual image that creates a threatening scenery and Gothic tone. The dark environment of secrets and ghosts, in relation to Bertha Mason, greatly advances the gruesome feeling of Gothic mystery. Throughout Jane’s experience at Thornfield Hall, she suspects various events and character’s motives. Hearing â€Å"a distinct, formal, mirthless† laugh, JaneShow MoreRelatedGothic Elements in Jane Eyre1465 Words   |  6 PagesGothic is a literary genre that is connected to the dark and horrific. It became popular in the late Victorian Era, following the success of Horace Walpoles The Castle of Otranto, in 1764. Since that time, gothic literature has become a widespread influence. Some elements that are typically gothic include ancient prophecies, mystery and suspense, supernatural events, dreams and visions, violence, and a gloomy and desolate setting. Charlotte Bronte, the author of Jane Eyre, was greatly influencedRead MoreJan e Eyre: the Main 5 Gothic Elements Essay826 Words   |  4 PagesCharlotte Brontes ,Jane Eyre, is considered by many to be a Gothic novel. There are many elements to Gothic literature. However after much research, I have come up with the five main characteristics that define every Gothic novel. First, there is always a helpless victim who is usually a female. Second, there is a cruel and evil victimizer/ villain/ torturer. Third, the victim is imprisoned or trapped within impenetrable walls such as a castle or a mansion. Fourth, there is a sense of mystery,Read MoreUse of Gothic Elements in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1740 Words   |  7 PagesUSE OF GOTHIC ELEMENTS IN CHARLOTTE BRONTES ‘JANE EYRE Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre was published in the middle of the nineteenth century. Bronte was greatly influenced by the Gothic novels that were in fashion before the time of Jane Eyre. The Gothic novel was popularised in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and was defined by its use of suspense, supernatural elements, and desolate locations to generate a gloomy or chilling mood. The protagonist of the novel would generallyRead MoreUse of Gothic Elements in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1729 Words   |  7 PagesUSE OF GOTHIC ELEMENTS IN CHARLOTTE BRONTES ‘JANE EYRE Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre was published in the middle of the nineteenth century. Bronte was greatly influenced by the Gothic novels that were in fashion before the time of Jane Eyre. The Gothic novel was popularised in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and was defined by its use of suspense, supernatural elements, and desolate locations to generate a gloomy or chilling mood. The protagonist of the novel would generallyRead MoreGothic Elements of Jane Eyre by Emily Bronte Essay2208 Words   |  9 PagesGothic Elements of Jane Eyre by Emily Bronte The term Gothic was popularly used in the late 18th century and throughout the 19th century and came to mean wild or barbaric. It was used to describe a distinct style of literature, which, in contrast to the strict moral codes of the time, allowed the author to introduce a novel full of wildness, passion and fantasy and to thrill their readers with tales of supernatural events and forbidden love. Gothic novels wereRead MoreGothic Elements Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre1788 Words   |  8 PagesGothic novels generally are tense and effectively establish dark moods as a result of their supernatural and other mysterious elements. Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre is a great example of what can be achieved through such techniques. Brontà « uses gothic techniques in order to create ominous atmospheres and to foreshadow tragic events, among other things. By no means were these techniques implemented merely as a part of the gothic movement. Supernatural elements occasionally appear throughout the novelRead MoreJane Eyre by Emily Bronte747 Words   |  3 Pages221). A brief synopsis of Charlotte Brontà «s novel, Jane Eyre, is present in this short quote, which describes the mystery that is present within the novel. As well as its gothic sensation, romance is present as well, giving the novel its feminine characteristics. Foreshadowing is a main aspect which helps prolong the suspense in the novel. The element of foreshadowing helps the reader foresee the upcoming events in the novel. These gothic elements create a mysterious plot within the novel, which escalatesRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1186 Words   |  5 Pages The nineteenth-century novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte is considered to be a gothic novel. Gothic literature took place mostly in England from 1790 to 1830, falling into the category of Romantic literature. The Gothic takes its roots from previous horrifying writing that extends back to the Middle Ages and can still be found in writings today by many authors including Charlotte Bronte. The strong description of horror, abuse, and gruesomeness in Gothic novels reveals truths to readers throughRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1374 Words   |  6 PagesJane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Within the specter of the Gothic fictions arises the atmosphere of gloom, terror, and mystery with some elements of uncanny challenging reality. One major characteristic function of the Gothic fictions is to open the fiction to the realm of the irrational and perverse narratives, obsessions, and nightmarish terrors that hide beneath the literally civilized mindset in order to demonstrate the presence of the uncanny existing in the world known rationally through experienceRead MoreTextual Reading/ Literary Analysis on Dracula1720 Words   |  7 PagesReading/ Literary Analysis Audience: classmates who argues that â€Å"Dracula† is not a Gothic genre Purpose: to show them that â€Å"Dracula† is a perfectly good example of Gothic genre â€Å"Dracula† a novel by Bram Stoker, deals with vampire folklore, Christian beliefs, and mostly gothic elements. Gothic elements are tremendous in this novel as it is seen a lot throughout the novel. The components of classic gothic elements as seen in â€Å"Dracula† includes the setting of the novel, the tone, a villainous character

The Maintenance of Oral Health during Pregnancy - 1868 Words

Pregnancy signifies the start of an incredible journey in a woman’s life, characterized by dynamic psychological and physiological changes in which the oral-facial system is not exempted. In 2010, a study conducted by Lee et al., found that of the 1, 604 dentists involved, 75% were hesitant to perform treatments associated with dental emergency while more than 50% were reluctant to perform routine services. This raises the question â€Å"Is dental work during pregnancy necessary? Is it safe?† The American Academy of Periodontology and the American Dental Association supports the maintenance of oral health during pregnancy (Wrzosek and Einarson, 2009). Steinberg, Hilton, Iida and Samelson (2013) also acknowledged the need for dental care, stating that it is safe. If dental treatment is indicated, why did Lee et al., (2010) find such discrepancy in perception among dentists? This essay will discuss the oral-systemic changes observed during pregnancy, its effects on dental treatments, considerations in cases of severe odontogenic infections and the effects of maternal periodontal status on fetus. Pregnancy last about 40 weeks, and is divided into three trimesters. In general all dental appointments should be short to avoid fatigue. Patient education on imminent oral changes should be provided during the first trimester. Oral prophylaxis is permissible. Nonetheless, dental procedures may expose patients to teratogenic agents. Radiography should best be avoided during theShow MoreRelatedIndividual Work On University Project On Mofix1594 Words   |  7 Pagesare: 1) Use of the drug in pregnancy and breastfeeding. 2) Indications and dosage instructions. 3) Formulations available for the drug and routes of administration. In spite of the details of each factor, there will be a conclusion at the end signifying one important fact from each of the three, in order to try and simplify the facts that are written. Use of drug in pregnancy and breastfeeding: The drug Mofix is under two different categories when it comes to pregnancy and breastfeeding. That isRead MoreEssay on STDs1724 Words   |  7 Pagesvaginal fluid, and blood. All though you can contract some STDs, such as herpes and/or HPV, by kissing, caressing, and/or direct contact with infected areas. STDs can be serious and painful, and can have long term health consequences including sterility, chronic infection, ectopic pregnancy, cancer, and even death. STDs affect men and women of all backgrounds and economic levels. One in four Americans between the ages of 15 to 55 will contract at least one STD before they die. Nearly 65% of all STDsRead MoreAnalysis of Middle Range Nursing Theory Essay2095 Words   |  9 PagesComplex physiological changes during pregnancy have a significant impact on almost every organ on the body system including the oral cavity -- these changes are due to hormonal changes. Estrogen causes increased blood flow to the oral cavity, making the gums fr iable and easy to bleed, contributing to gingivitis. Pregnancy-associated gingivitis is highly prevalent. It affects approximately 30%-75% of pregnant women and resolves after delivery. Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy can also increase the riskRead MoreAAKG Supplements1128 Words   |  5 Pagesbody from citrulline inside the kidneys which is sufficient to meet the normal functional demands of the body1, . However, during stages of rapid growth, or in case of a traumatic event or surgery, the requirement for L-arginine is not satisfied by the internally produced or the dietary arginine. In such cases, L-arginine is provided as a dietary supplement to enable the maintenance of body mass and develop functional capacity1. L-arginine obtained from diet or supplements is about 60% absorbed1. CompositionRead MoreSurrogacy And The Adoption Of The Surrogate1648 Words   |  7 Pageswoman carries and delivers a baby for someone else because of some problems involving the intended parents. The women who delivers is the gestational surrogate or carrier. The parents are called as â€Å"intended parents†. They are fully involved in the pregnancy, present at birth and become the child s parents after its birth. There are two types of surrogacy 1. Gestational surrogacy- The baby here is not genetically related to the surrogate. Eggs come from intended mother and sperm from intended fatherRead MoreCultural Competency With The Palauan People1558 Words   |  7 Pagescommunity. These areas are in communications, high-risk health behaviors, nutrition, pregnancy and the childbearing practices, and death rituals (Purnell, 2014). Furthermore, I will present a reassessment of my culture competency to evaluate my learning that can positively affect the nursing care of individuals from diverse cultures represented by the Palauans. COMMUNICATIONS: S.S. does not maintain eye-contact well and often looks away during conversation. Direct eye contact may be considered offensiveRead MoreSubjective Information And Its Effects On Children Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican American male CC: â€Å"I’m here for my yearly checkup† HPI: The patient is 15 years 9 month old male, accompanied by his mother during the visit, presenting for a well child visit. The primary caregivers are mother and father. Denies any current physical complaints. PMH: Medical: abnormal weight gain Denies any past hospitalizations or surgeries Health Maintenance: up to date on childhood immunizations, has not received HPV vaccine or influenza vaccine this year Medications: none Denies any foodRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : The Highest Rate Of Teen Pregnancy1666 Words   |  7 PagesTeen Pregnancy The United States has the highest rate of teen pregnancy of most industrialized nations. According to a 2014 article, in 2013 nearly 273,105 babies were born to women aged 15-19 years, for a live birth rate of 26.5 per 1,000 women in this age group. This is a record low for U.S. teens in this age group, and a drop of 10% from 2012. Birth rates fell 13% for women aged 15–17 years, and 8% for women aged 18–19 years. Still, the U.S. teen pregnancy rate is substantially higher thanRead MoreResources for Pregnant Women in Methadone Clinics2551 Words   |  10 PagesMethadone maintenance therapy is the primary go to source for addicts looking to quit the street drug, heroin. Methadone on its own has its own number of controversies within society. However add on the fact that a number of patients that attend the meth clinic that is pregnant, well this can add additional controversy and raise ethical implications as well. Ultimately the child is better off when not being subjected to harmful substances such as drugs an alcohol. However when given the choice ofRead MoreLithium in the Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder1815 Words   |  7 Pagespreventive response, as well as a host of undesirable side effects and a narrow therapeutic index, health care providers have sought other mood stabilizing medications for either monotherapy or use with Lithium. One such medication is Carbamazepine, used either in monotherapy or in combination with other medications. While pharmacotherapy is classically used to treat Bipolar I Disorder, health care providers are finding that psychosocial treatments can assist in more effective treatment of some

Teen Dating Violence Support Group Free Essays

string(192) " to be aware of signs that their relationship may be heading towards violence or that they are in an abusive relationship so they could receive help before any serious injury or death occurs\." Although most teen dating relationships last a shorter amount of time, it is an important part of a teen’s life that can impact them greatly. Teen dating violence occurs when one partner in the dating relationship is abused by the other partner and tries to control their daily functions. In the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, nearly10 percent of teens nationwide reported having an experience of physical violence from a romantic partner a year prior to this article (Mulford, Giordano, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Teen Dating Violence Support Group or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is important for teens to be aware of signs that their relationship may be heading towards violence or that they are in an abusive relationship so they could receive help before any serious injury or death occurs. You read "Teen Dating Violence Support Group" in category "Papers" The teen dating violence support group will give teens an arena to discuss actions that can be defined as dating violence or abuse from a romantic partner. The group will also be a supportive arena for those teens who have experienced violence or abuse in a romantic relationship in becoming survivors and coping with their experience and moving on to feeling safe and living a violence free life. In the support group, there will be discussions on what is considered a healthy relationship and how to maintain a healthy relationship. The support groups main focus is to empower teens to be educated about the signs and the dangers of dating violence and to empower teens with information on how to avoid dating violence, to recognize an abusive relationship, and to be able to escape abusive situations safely. Rational Working with women at a domestic violence shelter, I have noticed a high percentage of the women who receive services from our program, discuss they had experienced a form of abuse from a boyfriend or a romantic partner as teenagers. Some of the women stated as teens they did not take their experience serious enough or understand that they were being abused or that it could happen to them again as an adult. A survey done by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2010, states approximately 1 in 5 women and almost 1 in 7 men who at one time experienced rape, physical violence, and stalking by a romantic partner, had first experienced some form violence from a romantic partner between the age between 11 and 17 years old (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Most teens do not report their experiences of dating violence making it hard for adults and practitioners to find out about this experience in the teen years. Ashley and Foshee (2005) explain that it is far less likely that teens will report an episode dating violence than will adults reporting a domestic violence episode. Teens need to be educated and informed on the dangers of violence to understand why it is important to report their experience of violence so the cycle of abuse can stop and they could learn to be safe and live a violence free life. Additional Information The population that this support group will target are students that are in middle school where the ages are between 11 and 14 years of age. The support group will be open to both male and female students. Although high school is where most teens will begin to date, middle school aged teens also experience dating violence. It is essential for the group leaders to understand the importance of peer influence and the impact it has on the development of teens. It will be important to assure all members of the group that all information discussed will be confidential so they could feel comfortable in expressing their feelings and experiences. The desirable group size for this particular support group would be 6 to 8 teenagers at a time. This allows for a group small enough to have intimate dialogue and large enough for the members not to feel being singled out. A group this size with teens will allow the flow of conversation and interaction of the members. This group is open to male and female students to discuss their experiences of dating violence and become educated on signs and the cycle of dating violence. There will be times when the males and females will be separated to complete activities then they will come together to discuss the different gender perspective on certain facts about teen dating violence. Legal and Ethical Considerations It is important that the group leader take precautions to protect all clients from any physical, emotional or psychological harm (ACA, 2005). An informed consent with the parents and the students under the age of 18 years old will be necessary for the students to participate in this support group. In the consent the confidentiality and the limitations of confidentiality must be explained and the purpose and the focus of the support group must be clearly explained. Failure to explain this information to the students or their parents, could result in legal actions being taken against the therapist that could lead to loss of professional license. It would also be important to discuss the particulars and the process of the group with the parents of the students because they are minors and the parent consent is needed for them to participate in the support group. References American Counseling Association. (2005). ACA code of ethics. Retrieved from http://www. counseling. org/resources/codeofethics/TP/home/ct2. aspx Ashley, O. S. , Foshee, V. ( 2005). Adolescent help-seeking for dating violence: Prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, and source of help. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36, 25-31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Teen dating violence. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/ViolencePrevention/intimatepartnerviolence/teen_dating_violence. html Mulford, C. , Giordano, P. C. (2008). Teen dating violence: A closer look at adolescent romantic relationships. National Institute of Justice Journal, No. 261. Retrieved from http://nij. gov/journals/261/teen-dating-violence. htm Abstract Teen dating violence is becoming more recognized and important to today’s society as a major safety concern when it comes to dealing with teens. It is important for communities to be aware of this concern and have the appropriate s ervices to provide teens the necessary information that promotes awareness and prevention. To ensure that teens are empowered with being educated on the dangers of teen violence and knowing how to escape a violent relationship safely is important to the health and development of teens into adulthood. Parents and communities need to understand the dynamics of teen dating violence to break the cycle and to lessen the chances of teens experiencing abuse or violence in a romantic relationship. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature that is relevant to educating, recognizing and preventing teen dating violence. An analysis of the current literature and research was done to provide information on recognizing the signs that a relationship is abusive or heading towards violence, the reasons surrounding why this type of violence is less likely to be reported, the risk factors associated with teen dating violence, and the impact dating violence has on the development of adolescents. Also, an analysis on the different types of prevention that is helpful to teens in avoiding and safely escaping an abusive or violent romantic relationship. Most middle school students are not aware that certain behaviors that their romantic partners display are the beginning signs of abuse or violence in the relationship. Dating violence can be defined as the act or the threat of the act of violence that is displayed by one member of a union that is not married that takes place during dating or courting (Glass, Fredland, Campbell, Yonas, Sharps, Kub, 2003). Most teens in middle school do not recognize the actions that their partners display are signs that they may be in an abusive or violent relationship. Common behaviors like constantly calling and texting their partner to find out where their partner is at, what the partner is doing, and who their partner is with are jealous behaviors and is considered warning signs that can lead to dating violence. Other warning signs that the relationship is heading towards becoming violent are name calling, putting their partner down, making threats to harm family and friends, using violence to solve problems in the relationship, forcing the partner to do things that the partner does not want to do, and threatening to do self harm (Oklahoma Department of Health, 2010). At times teens do not take the hitting, jealous and controlling behavior seriously and may just take the hitting as playing around and the jealous and controlling behavior as signs of love and not signs of danger that could lead to getting physically hurt. Herrman (2009) explains that research has found that there are important differences in which teens define interpersonal violence based on gender. She further states that boys are likely to connect the act of violence to being provoked and girls see violence as a way of showing control or to dominate their partner. Although teen dating violence is prevalent in today’s society, many teens do not tell anyone or report their violent or abusive relationship to adults or the authority. Teens are far less likely to report a violent incident with a partner and it is estimated that about 1 in 11 events of teen dating violence are reported to adults or police and then some incidents are reported but not attended to (Ashley Foshee, 2005). The study that Ashley and Foshee (2005) conducted to find the percent of victims and perpetrators that would seek help resulted in showing 60% of the 225 victims in the study and 79% of the 140 perpetrators in the study reported they did not go and ask for help. Sometimes victims are afraid that their partner will come back at them to do harm and make the violence continue or worse and some victims believe that they are at fault or they made their partner act violently because of something they did. Herrman (2009) explains that some teens that have children by the perpetrator will not report due to being loyal or having to depend on the abuser who is the father. Another factor that could have something to do with teen’s lack of report when they experience teen dating violence is some teens believe that violence is one-sided to the point where boys are the ones who get in trouble more and girls can abuse and it not thought of as serious and do not get in trouble as much as boys. Herrman (2009) explain that boys report that girls are allowed to do more violence to boys with no punishment because boys do not have considerable injuries in comparison to girls who are abused by boys with significant injuries. This is part of the reason why males do not report incidents of violence or abuse by females and also their macho thoughts of being the stronger one keeps most males from reporting dating violence. In society today, there is a double standard about who is actually being abused when it comes to males and females due to who is considered stronger species. This should not matter if someone is being abused or being hurt by another person. There are many risk factors that are associated with teen dating violence. If a teen is raised in a family that experiences or observes violence when solving problems it is possible that the teen will act in the same manner. Ayers and Davies (2011) explain that when teens have violent or abusive behavior shown in the home, the children can learn to behave in the same manner and the act of violence becomes an acceptable way to respond to others when there is a problem. Some studies show that an area where one lives can have an increase in domestic and teen dating violence. On study show that males and females that live in the southern region of the United States has more dating violence rates and may have increased tolerance to violence (Marquart, Nanni, Edwards, Stanley, Wayman, 2007). Other studies report that dating violence is more likely in rural environments due to the thoughts about male and female roles, isolation, not having activities that are structured, and the customary practice of some teens driving around with alcohol (Marquart et al. , 2007). Teen dating violence can seriously impact adolescents in many different ways. The violence behavior from a romantic partner can cause physical injuries to the other partner where they may have to go to the hospital. Herrman (2009) discusses that nearly 8% of teens report going to an emergency room to get care for injuries that they got while in a romantic dating relationship. Teen dating violence can also result in the death of a partner as it was reported in an article in the New York Times (2009) of how a 20 year old girl in Indianapolis was killed by her boyfriend after trying to leave the abusive relationship several times. Teen dating can also have long-term effects on the health of the adolescent during their life like drug and alcohol abuse, depression, low-self esteem, and eating disorders (Oklahoma Department of Health. 010). Violence in a teen relationship can develop into a long term pattern of unhealthy intimate partner violence and the development of poor relationship skill (O’Keefe, 2005). Teens who were victims of dating violence are more likely to be victims of intimate partner violence in their life as an adult. It is important for teens to be aware of the long term effec ts of dating violence that could continue on into adulthood and dictate the relationship style for future relationships. Teens that experience dating violence have a greater chance of emotional and behavioral problems as young adults and increased risk of having violent relationships in the future (Healy, 2012). Researchers from a nationally representative survey that examined teens between the ages of 12 to 18 that said they were the victim of a violent dating relationship, examined these young adults five years later and found that these same teens, boys and girls were three times more likely to be involved in a violent relationship as a young adult (Healy, 2012). Teens who learn and develop negative relationship skills tend to carry on those negative relationship skills into adulthood. To address the issue of teen dating violence there have been many interventions and preventions established to minimize and hopefully eliminate dating violence with teens. There teen dating violence to parents, adolescents, and other adults in the community to raise public awareness like The National Teen Dating Abuse Hotline, and the National Center for Victims of Crime (Herrman, 2009). There has also been education in the schools to make the teachers and students aware of the signs and the risk factors. Herrmann (2009) explain that many schools include prevention topics in the health classes to help students think of ways to improve conflict management skills and to change the dating violence norms. Prevention strategies such as awareness and promoting healthy relationships by providing assistance and addressing change at all levels of social environment the give power to intimate partner violence will eventually enhance the efforts to reduce the risk factors and advance protective determinants (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Teen dating violence is becoming a widespread issue in today’s society and needs to be addressed and made know so parents, school officials and professionals can be aware and know how to assist those in need of help. Making teen dating violence more aware to adolescents and the community will help to reduce incidents of teen dating violence and help to educate adolescents on healthy relationships, what the signs are for teen dating violence, and seek help to deal this issue. How to cite Teen Dating Violence Support Group, Papers

Human Rights - Global Insecurity and the Law

Question: Discuss about theHuman Rights,Global Insecurity and the Law. Answer: Introduction The purpose of the essay is to identify the challenges that the government in Maldives has faced. The people of the country were focusing on the challenges that were becoming the hindrances in developing policies for safeguarding the victims. There are many issues regarding the policymaking in the country to safeguard the people from becoming the victims of various criminal activities such as, gender discrimination, domestic violence, violence on women and financial crisis (Mingst and Arregun 2013). Therefore, the study has tried to identify the problems there in implementing the policies to minimise the criminal activities. Discussion In this study, the analysis of the cases that have been conducted in the previous part of the project helped to evaluate the criminal activities in the country. These cases have helped to understand the challenges in the country while developing the policies. Therefore, the essay has analysed various cases in the country that women and normal people have faced. In the first case study, the crime regarding the gender discrimination has been analysed to shed light in the countrys policing processes to minimise the chances of crime on the people (Lutz 2016). Therefore, the government has implemented some rules and policies for the people of the country to safeguard the women from becoming victims of crimes of gender discrimination. In the second case study, it has revealed another case of crime related to the women of the country. In this case, the women are facing the problem regarding the domestic violence. Therefore, it has been analysed from the previous article that has described the case of Samiya an individual who has faced the domestic violence. Therefore, it can be said that the government was trying to implement various rules and laws for preventing the people from falling into the crime. The main issue in these cases was illiteracy. Due to this challenge, most of the people in the country were unaware about the rules and laws of governments that can protect their rights from being exploiting. As they have no idea about the laws or new rules for preventing the crimes, they are unable to implement those in their regular life in order to get rid of the same. According to Allison et al. (2012), the government of Maldives has tried to implement new laws for the citizen of the country and faced many problems to make them understand about the application of the laws. In the country, the people are facing problems regarding gender discrimination and domestic violence. However, the government was trying to implement some new laws to protect the women from becoming victims of gender discrimination and domestic violence. They have taken help from the organizations like WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA (Lazaridis 2016). These organisations have helped the country to evaluate the recent situation of crimes and to understand the level of violence in the incidents. In order to understand the level of the crimes in the country, the study of the Maldivian domestic violence has helped to change the policies of the government. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to find out the reasons for which the various case studies has been analysed. All the case studies have described one crime activity that has been held in the country mostly, which constitutes examples of violence on women. The government has presented some acts for protesting this situation but was unable to implement those acts properly due to some problems in the country. The law is there to safeguard the people from becoming victims of the crime, but there were no such proper implications for which the law can be applicable. Therefore, it was a challenge for the government of the country to set the detail analysis of the law to understand when the law can be applicable for the crime. Therefore, the country has developed the Domestic Violence Act in a way that all the ambiguity of the law would be removed and the people can implement those in their need. According to Edkins and Zehfuss (2013), the Domestic Violence Act has firstly presented the proper explanation and definition of the domestic violence and then has described the detail terminologies for the effects of the act after implementing to the criminal. Therefore, the people can understand that the act will be applicable for the acts of viole nce with respect to physical and mental torture. When women face problems in their homes regarding mental torture, physical and emotional torture or any other types of problems faced, then those activities will be considered as the domestic violence. These crimes will be punishable under the act and the victims will get proper guidance and help from the government to get justice. Therefore, in this case, the analysis of the domestic violence act has discussed been in the study to find out the challenges that the government has faced during implementing the law. Therefore, the main challenge they have faced in this case is the ambiguity of the law. The vagueness of the law was leading a misconception about the policy among the people. Therefore, the government has studied the cultural background of Maldives to understand the recent situation of the people of the country to implement proper law for their domestic environment. According to Hellum and Aasen (2013), the article has devel oped the idea about the crimes in the country from asking the women who were affected by various domestic violence and torture. There are different models for developing policing system for a country. According to Saul and Renshaw (2014), there are five steps in the policing model such as, rule of law, separation policing, democratic policing, links of human rights and governance in policing. Additionally, it can be said that the policing model can be of three types, namely democratic, totalitarian and governing. In the democratic policing model, the protection of the citizens get the foremost priority while in the totalitarian policing process the state get the priority The democratic policing process is the most suitable process that can understand the problems and issues of the people. Therefore, when a democratic policing model is followed, the policing process becomes more effective. According to this law, there is everything included under this law and the main motto of this policing process is to give protection of the human rights with the ideal of rule of law. Therefore, in order to implement this po licing process the human rights should be protected through the Magna Carta, Universal declaration of Human Rights and International treaties. This process can be applicable by covering the individual oversight, which can be accountable through police legitimacy, procedural justice and organisational justice. On the other hand, the governance policing process refers to the process where the policies are developed through some steps. The government should have to consider some factors before developing the policing process. In this process, the policy formation and implementation should be in supportive with the government. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that the various studies of crime cases in Maldives has exposed the situation of the people there. After evaluating all the cases it has been clearly exposed that the country is suffering from the crimes mostly on the women. There are many instances of gender discrimination in various places where the women have to face regular challenges to prove their qualities only due to the negligence to the female gender. Along with this, there was a practice of domestic violence on women where they have been suffering mentally as well as physically. Therefore, the government of Maldives has tried to implement some laws and rules to protect these victims. However, they have faced many problems during this law enforcement. In the policing process, they have to face many challenges that have been discussed in this study to get a proper knowledge of the real situation Reference List Allison, E.H., Ratner, B.D., sgrd, B., Willmann, R., Pomeroy, R. and Kurien, J., 2012. Rightsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based fisheries governance: from fishing rights to human rights.Fish and Fisheries,13(1), pp.14-29. Brogden, M. and Nijhar, P., 2013.Community policing. Routledge. Edkins, J. and Zehfuss, M., 2013.Global politics: a new introduction. Routledge. El-Horr, J. and Pande, R.P., 2016. Understanding Gender in Maldives. Fulu, E., 2013.Domestic violence in Asia: Globalization, gender and Islam in the Maldives. Routledge. Garca-Moreno, C., 2013.Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. World Health Organization. Hellum, A. and Aasen, H.S. eds., 2013.Women's Human Rights: CEDAW in International, Regional and National Law(Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press. Lazaridis, G., 2016.Security, insecurity and migration in Europe. Routledge. Lutz, H. ed., 2016.Migration and domestic work: A European perspective on a global theme. Routledge. Mingst, K.A. and Arregun-Toft, I.M., 2013.Essentials of International Relations: Sixth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Mohanty, S. and Mohanty, R.K., 2014.Community Policing as a Public Policy: Challenges and Recommendations. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Saul, B. and Renshaw, C.M., 2014. Introduction in'Human Rights Law in Asia and the Pacific'.Human rights in asia and the Pacific Volumes.I-IV, B. Saul C. Renshaw, eds., Routledge, pp.1-21.

Virginia woolfs vision Essay Example For Students

Virginia woolfs vision Essay Almost sixty-five years have lapsed sinee Virginia Woolf spoke at Newnham and Girton colleges on the subjectof women and fiction. Her remarkable words are preserved for future generations of women in A Room of OnesOwn. This essay is the first manifesto of the modern feminist movement (Samuelson), and has been called anotable preamble to a kind of feminine Declaration of Independence (Muller 34). Woolf writes that her modestgoal for this ground-breaking essay is to encourage the young womenthey seem to get fearfully depressed(qtd. in Gordon xiv). This treatise on the history of womens writings, reasons for the scarcity of great womenartists, and suggestions for future literary creators and creations accomplishes far more than simple inspiration andmotivation for young writers. Woolf questions the effect . . . poverty has on fiction and the conditions . . . We will write a custom essay on Virginia woolfs vision specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now necessary for the creation of works of art (25), and she persuasively argues that economics are as important astalent and inspiration in the creative process. She emphatically states and, with brilliant fiction, supports herthesis that every woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction (4). Woolfs witty andbeautifully crafted essay has a practical message for aspiring women writers: as pioneers in the virtuallyunexplored frontier of womens literature, and to create timeless, powerful works of art, they must forsake theestablished mores of masculine creativity and forge their own traditions and styles. Woolf introduces this new literary tradition through the structure of her lecture. Rather than follow thetraditional format established through centuries of male lecturing, she transforms the formidable lecture formfemale equals (Marcus, Still 79). She preserves this intimacy in the written essay as well. Woolfs nephew andbiographer, Quentin Bell, writes that in A Room of Ones Own one hears Virginia speaking . . . . she gets veryclose to her conversational style (144). Rather than submit her audience to the usual dictation of the expert tothe ignorant (Marcus, Virginia 145), Woolf involves her audience in her quest for answers. She advises them thatshe plans to make use of all the liberties and licenses of a novelist, that her fiction is likely to contain moretruth than fact, and that they must seek out this truth and . . . decide whether any part of it is worth keeping(4-5). She does not disclose the truth as she sees it; rather, she requires the audience to participate in thedrama of asking questions and searching for Woolfs creative departure from established lecture style delightfullyforeshadows her intent to generate entirely new feminine traditions and searching for answers (Marcus, VirginiaWoolf encourages women to personally participate and identify with her ideas. She creates a fictitious narratorthrough which she chronicles her thoughts and discoveries as she researches the topic of women and fiction, I isonly a convenient term for somebody who has no real being . . . call me Mary Beton, Mary Seton, MaryCarmichael or by any name you pleaseit is not a matter of any importance (4-5). Ellen Rosenman writes that bydenying a real existence, the narrator associates herself with anonymity, and that if we turn this statementaround . . . she is Everywoman (160-61). By choosing these particular historical names to represent anyone and everyone who joins the quest for truth, including herself, Woolf accounts for much of the irony of her story andmuch of the forc e of her essay (Jones 228). Through her clever use of fiction, Woolf shrewdly removes herselffrom the position of authority, enhances audience identification with her narrator, and invites women to join hersearch for the true nature of women and the true nature of fiction (4). .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 , .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .postImageUrl , .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 , .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4:hover , .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4:visited , .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4:active { border:0!important; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4:active , .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4 .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u25c5e2f175ed5a9d832f51a0865104b4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Area 51 EssayWoolfs narrator, Mary, begins the quest for the pure fluid, the essential oil of truth (25) in the BritishMuseum, the very bastions of male literary tradition. Rosenman suggests that Woolf is laying the foundation of afemale tradition by allowing Mary to travel through a series of alien rooms, including the British Museum andthe common sitting room, to a room of her own (157). Marys stupefaction, wonder and bewilderment (Woolf26) at the plethora of contradictory, inaccurate, oven trivial volumes about women by men whose onlyqualification is that they are not wmen (27) awakens the reader to this travesty without directly revealing Woolfspersonal feelings of

TheRevolutionary War essays

TheRevolutionary War essays The colonists held a Second Continental Congress. They named George Washington the leader of the Continental Army. The colonists tried to make peace with the British but the British wanted to fight. The Second Continental Congress made a document up to tell the British that the colonists wanted freedom. This letter was called the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration stated things like all people are equal and that they have a right to choose who their politicians are. On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed and OKed. British advantages: They were a trained army, they hired German mercenaries, good leadership, and lots of money. British disadvantages: Their supplies had to be shipped from Britain, and they weren't very familiar with the land they were fighting on. American advantages: They knew the terrain, they had supplies close by. American disadvantages: They were not a trained army, they didn't have much cash. The first battles were in Boston. The British won the battle in Bunker Hill. Victories went back and forth. Then the British started winning. The American army got pushed back to Pennsylvania. Washington took his troops and crossed the Delaware river (1776). He made a surprise attack on Xmas night. They kicked British ass. The British tried to attack NY. They got beaten to a pulp in Saratoga. This was an important battle for the American army. Then the French started helping out the Americans. The French hated the British (Nowadays, the French hate EVERYONE) America ran out of cash and had to borrow from other countries George Washington was a good leader and kept the troops together during the crappy winter. They were stationed at Valley Forge. It was cold as hell. Then Britain and America took the fighting out to sea. The British had a real kick ass navy. America had a crappy navy, but they still messed up some British cargo ships ruining the...

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 12

International Business - Essay Example Additionally, this part will attempt to explain why comprehending the local religious practices and beliefs are significant to the success of a business. Dreher (46) defined globalization as both a process and worldwide condition in which the globe is becoming more interconnected while communication has become instantaneous as each day passes. Technology is the key driver to globalization. On the other hand, cultural individuality is the opposite of collectivism. Therefore, in an individualistic culture, concepts and views are based on the self and thus they are independent instead of relying on the group. As a result, they often value their personal goals more than the group’s goals. In most instances, cultural individualistic societies are made up of a diverse population exhibiting low communication and low power distance characteristics. Countries such as Canada, Australia ,and New Zealand are said to possess a highly individualistic culture. People in countries such as Singapore used to eat fried rice at the time McDonalds was opening in America. That is in 1955. During this period, most people had not heard of the term cheeseburger. Little people from Singapore expected that McDonald would soon be a big hit there within a very short time. Currently, McDonald is an enterprise operating in many countries worldwide. A recent survey conducted in about six countries revealed that many more people are familiar with the McDonald symbol than they are with the Christian cross. This example signifies the importance of globalization in enhancing or promoting cultural sameness. Thus, through globalization, multinational corporations and companies have promoted and designed a specific type of consumerist culture where standard commodities which are often promoted by worldwide marketing campaigns create same lifestyles globally. Through globalization, multinational corporations influence the values of its employees and customers.

European Union Law Degree Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Union Law Degree - Case Study Example In this case the defendant must not be a state entity. The requirements of Directives can be applied horizontally between two private parties1. The UK instrument requires commercial providers of fossil based fuels to limit their quantity to 50% of their total output. On the other hand, the Directive limits this to just 40%. This In addition, this statute permits the use of candles and other fossil based fuels, without any restriction; whereas the Directive clearly specifies that these fuels are to be used, only for religious and cultural ceremonial rituals. In the event of failure by a Member State, in this regard, the EU will approach the ECJ to initiate necessary action against the Member State. National governmental entities, private or public utility organisations and firms must invariably apply EC law provisions at the national level. Since, the context, purpose and content of the Directive have been comprehended, the extent to which the UK Government had implemented its provisions, has to be examined. All the same, this Directive is significant, because it recommends the least intrusive method for achieving its objective. It is rendered effective, if its purpose, namely the use of renewable energy is achieved. This Directive aims to deter dependence on carbon based fuels. Article 249 of the Treaty, specifies that Direc... Member States are obliged to pay compensation to individuals if the latter incur loss due to the non - implementation of Directives. In the case of Francovich and Others v Italy, the ECJ held that in order to make a Member State liable for such damages, three conditions have to be fulfilled3. First, the Directive must be intended to provide rights to individuals. Second, it must contain the description and scope of the rights that it intends to provide. Third, the Member State must have failed to implement the Directive and such failure must have caused the damage to the individual4. Individuals can insist on the enforcement of a Directive. This applies even though the Directive has a horizontal direct effect limitation, which hinders its enforcement. In Francovich, the ECJ had established this principle. It also held that Member States will have to pay compensation for damages or losses to individuals under the concept of state liability, if they failed to implement a Directive5. The ECJ had further extended the scope of this decision in the subsequent joint cases of Brasserie de P'cheur6 and R v Secretary of State for Transport, ex parte Factortame (No. 4)7. The ECJ held that individuals who sustained loss could demand compensation from the Member State if it failed to implement the EC Law. This also applies if the Member States had violated the provisions of EC Law. If an individual sustained a loss or damage due to the incorrect or non - implementation of EC law provisions by a Member State, then that individual can sue against the state in the national court and seek compensation for such damage. Moreover, individuals can invoke the

Consumer Behaviour Term Paper - Company Analysis Essay

Consumer Behaviour Term Paper - Company Analysis - Essay Example BA is traded on the London Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange.(LSE:BAY,NYSE:BAB)The current share price, as on 27th march is  £499.(with a 52 week high of  £579.5 and a low of  £277.0). The origin of British Airways corresponds to the origin of the civil aviation industry in the world. On Aug 25,1919 British Airways forerunner company Aircraft Transport and Travel(AT&T) introduced the world’s first daily international scheduled air service between London and Paris. On 31st March 1924, Britian’s four airlines-Instone, Handley Page, Daimler Airways and British Air Marine Navigation-were amalgamated to form Imperial Airways. In 1935 a number of small UK air transport companies merged to form the original privately owned British Airways Ltd.In 1939 Imperial Airways and British Airways were nationalized to form British Overseas Airways Corporation(BOAC).After the second world war BOAC continued to operate long-haul services while continental European and domestic flights were operated by a newly formed company-British European Airways(BEA).In 1972 BOAC and BEA were combined under the British Airways Board which lead to the creation of British Airways in 19 74. In 1981, a management team was instituted under the chairmanship of Lord King with the objective to run the corporation on more commercial lines turns around its financial performance and prepare it for potential privatization (which implied full transfer of ownership to the private sector rather than simply a sale of minority interest.)The new regime sought to re-organize the company in a number of ways including the following: BA continued to be a public corporation until 1984 when it became a public limited company (plc) in readiness for floatation. In early 1987 the Government sold the entirety of it’s stake in the airline,ie;no minority interest was retained and sales proceeds of  £900 million were realized. The company is enjoying robust financial health. For the year ending 31st March

Effects on Light and Colour on Our Environment

Effects on Light and Colour on Our Environment Light and colour have the ability to have a profound effect on the we perceive and interactive with our environment, effecting us holistically, in mind, body, and spirit. Altering the way we experience space, changing our perception of spatial definition and proportion. Light and colour serve as mediums for communication and information. They aid orientation and influence movement; differentiate space, establish hierarchy and indicate function; conveys symbolic messages; they are an expression of the Zeitgeist and connect us to the world in which we live. Light and colour have major impacts on our psychologically influencing our emotion, feeling and creating associations, physiologically impacting on our well-being on both a visual and non visual basis. Piturity gland etc.? One would usually associate the above solely with the sense of sight but both light and colour induce synesthesia, evoking associations with senses such as taste, smell, kinesthesia, temperature and according to some even effect our perception of time. The way we comprehend and experience light and colour it more complex than a simple optical stimulation. Our perception is a result of interplay of both physiological and the psychological factors in the conscious and subconscious. We have many prepossessions and preconceptions and light and colour which can be formed through personal experience, be a result of cultural influences and/or eduction or be part of genetic make up, developed over millions of year of evolution. There are six basic interdependent factors which combine to give us are perception of light and colour, biological reactions; the collective unconscious; conscious symbolism and association; cultural and mannerisms; trends, fashions and styles; and personal relationships and factors Biological Reaction Our biological reactions occurs not just as a result of the visual pathway. Light and thus colour aslo effect us a through neural pathway or energitic pathway. Through the energietic pathway light and colour stiumli are carried directly to the brain and onto the pineal and putrity glands, which control the production of hormones. This in turn can effect the likes of, metabolism, blood pressure, stress and aggression. The Collective Unconscious the collective unconscious refers to perception which is not rationalised by our conscious thoughts or our own personal experiences. According to Jungian psycholgy the collective unconscious is the part of our psche that has nothing to do with conscious or unconscious reaction based on personal experience amessed during our life time The collective unconscious consists of architypes, primordial and latent images, impressions and associations, in our gentic make up. Predispositions devloped thorugh millions of years evolution and the development of our species and cause us to interpret the environment in same way our predecessor The authors Hall and Nordby describe it as: the collective unconscious is a reservoir of latent images, usually called primordial images by Jung. Primordial mean the first or the original therefore the primordial image refer to the earliest development of the psyche. Man inherits these images from his ancestral past, a past that includes all of human ancestors as well as his prehuman or animal ancestors. Conscious Symbolism Funadmental associations and impressions made in the conscious. There are many associations to certain colour with are universally, and are read the same no matter the culture or eduction, for example yellow with light, blue with the sun and green with nature. The symbolism of the light and colour can be particulary significant in the field of architecture due to there connects to evoking mood and feeling. Light and colour suggest warmth or coolness, alter one perception of whether a room is friendly, etc Cultural influences Although there are many colour associations which are universal, we must also consider how different culture have different associations for some colours. For example japanese culture tends to be more responsive to softer colours, prehaps this relates to a greater appreciation of materiality. Indian culture on the other hand has a greater affinity to loud, bright and vivid colouration. There are also certain colours which gain greater significance in a certain colour. An example of this is the religious importance of green in Islam. Trends Fashion and Style Our interpretation and perfernces of colour can affect by what is in vogue at a particular time. Trends in the built environment tend to change on a less regular basis than in other. Although responsing to trends in architect and interior design may not result in creating the most beneficial environmets as different enviroments have different requirements, trends can be important in producing a sense of zeigheist. Such as ? Personal Relationships and Factors Our relationship to space is highly influenced by personal and subjective factors such as personal dispostion and specific personal experience, for example one would usually associate blue with coolness but if burnt by a blue object may induce an connection to heat. Other personal factors can change perceptions of light colour include sensitivity, age, character and temperament and are physical and psychological make up. Colour psychology can be separated in to interlinked subdivisions, applied colour psychology and depth colour psychology applied colour psychology is the one that generally applies to architecture. It deals with the implementation of the predetermined psychological effects to create a spatial ambiance to produce psychical benefits thus physiological benefits, or to convey a specific imagery. More? Symbolism and imagery of light and colour. For it is through symbols that man finds his way out of his particular situation and opens himself to the general and the universal. Symbols awaken an individual experience and transmit into a spiritual act, into a metaphysical comprehension of the world- Mircea Eliade For thousands of years natural light has been used for its powerful associations, for early man light held more significance than perhaps any other time, it was the giver of life and revered to the extent of worshipping the sun. Its significance however has diminished especially since the intrusion of artificial light Light can be regarded as metaphorical in conjuring thoughts of another place or notion. It can be symbolic, representing something else often that which immaterial such as infinity, and often symbolic of that which we do not fully comprehend. Light has the quality to produce a power ephemeral state of being. For link to times season Zeitgeist? Darkness is also important in this experience not only as a contrast too dark but in its own symbolism and representations, and the states of mind it creates, the lack of light suppress the visual, heightening the other senses. Strong darkness presents the unknown leading to states of apprehension, unease and even to phobia. The interplay of light and dark can lead to the the creation of contemplative or theatrical light. Luis Barragan advocates the use of what he calls half-light architects are forgetting the human need for half-light the sort of light that imposes a tranquillity, in their living rooms as well as their bedrooms we should try to recover mental and spiritual ease and to alleviate anxiety, the salient characteristic of these agitated times, and the pleasures of thinking, working, conversing are heightened by the absence of glaring light One of the few cultures in which the design of such environments is prevalent is in Japanese traditions. Quote for in praise of shadows and example? Another way to create places of contemplation is to use diffuse or baffled light, producing a level of uniformity contemplation is nourished by the lack of distractions Metaphorical Light Metaphorical light extends the role of light beyond that of simply of revealing, it denotes light that is used to conjure a visions of a different locality, for example its can be used to as a representation of nature, blurring boundaries giving one the impression that they are not in a interior setting. The use of metaphorical lighting is vivid in the works of artist Edward Hopper. In his painting New York Movie, Hopper uses contrasts in light to differentiate between the fanstay world of the theatre and the reality in which the usher carries on with her everyday life. Symbolic light is used as a representation of the immaterial and the unembodied, beyond that which is portrayed by the metaphorical, complex notions such as life and death. An powerful example of this is the Vietnam War memorial in Washington D.C. The names of the dead are inscribed in the specular granite surface of the wall. The ever-changing reflections of light and the surrounding remind us of our place and temporal natural in this world and thus our mortality. For thousands of years light has been associated with the spiritual facets and seen as the manifestation of divinity and the ethereal. Since prehistoric man light, the sun have been connected to the scared, prehistoric worshipped the sun build monuments align to its summer solstice to honour it, as this was when its was its most powerful. Tombs were also built with reference to the sun, often align to face the sun rise on the summer solstice. The light of a new day and the rising sun gave hope of an after life the natural language of light and dark is a powerful one with which to express architectural meaning Specific colour also hold symbolic associations. Many of these are fairly obvious, however these initial associations over time have lead subsequent affiliations or can take on induce different connections. The collective findings from a number of experiments have shown that many are universal however there may be slight variations in different cultures and religions. Associations have from human experience, going all the way back to early man. As discussed above primordial images etc have been stored in the human genome past on from generation to generation and contribute to our colour perception. Eckart Heimendahl suggests that our colour perception develops from three types of symbolism: ritual symbolism, traditional symbolism and aesthetic-emotional(psychological) level symbolism, which fuse to give us our experience of colour one of the most striking features of the results concerning perference, connotation and colour-mood associatations is the consistancy from one individual to another, from group to group and cross-culturally. There has been a great number of cross-cultural studies comparing subjects in America, lebanon, Kenya, Botswana, greece to mention a few. Monkeys have been compared to Man, men to women, children to adults, layman to architects. As another author concludes, it would indicate either that our heritage is such that we learn correct responses, or that there is some innate mood reaction to different colors (Kuller 1981 p.164) The message a colour conveys and thus it psychological effect is dependent on colours hue and the environment in which it sits. Even the slightest change it a hue nuance can alter its meaning. The materiality of the colour also plays a significant role in this process, which will be discussed later. The following will give and over the imagery and messages that the prominent hues are affiliated to. Red is a warm, stimulating colour with both positive and negative associations. It positive connotations include the aforementioned warmth due to its connection to fire, as well as passion, strength, activity and love. Its more negative affiliations include rage and aggression, ferocity, although these have served a purpose throughout history. An example of this in military, where red was used to change mind sets and convey a aggression. Red also represent blood, which to some may portray an unfavourable message, can also represent life. This is perhaps linked to early man who may have concluded that blood gave life after seeing blood leave the body a slaughtered prey. Love? Red is the dominant and attention grabbing colour as its focus point is behind the retina which give the impression that it is protruding pink? orange is a largely positive colour and is generally considered to have very few negative connotations. Although less assertive than red its is still vibrant and energetic, with lighter tone being cheering. Orange also has connections to nature reminding us of autumn and sunsets. Brown is a darker tone of orange which again has strong connections to nature, prompting thoughts of the earth. As it is earthly is suggest security and stability. However certain shade of brown may be less pleasant and dreary and even dispiriting. Yellow is considered to be the happiest colour due to it luminous and radiant nature and thus it tends to raise ones spirits. Perhaps its is most powerful and spiritual affiliation with the sun, and therefore with light and life. Yellow was also the colour of mercury in, best known for being the messenger of the god, but was the god of commerce and profit, as well as the god of the traveller, thus yellow can represent spiritual enlightenment. Green focus precisely on the retina and therefore is the easiest colour on the eye. As a result green is relaxing and refreshing. One of green major associations is nature and vigorous growth. Early rituals were based around the lush green of vegetation and thus is a symbol of food and life, and as a subsequence in Christianity represents hope and immortality. Green also has significant religious value in Islam where it is regarded as a holy colour. In stark contrast certain variations of green can convey a message of mould and decay and as a result death. Depending on its position between yellow and blue green has different effect, a green closer to yellow will appear to be more stimulating where as bluish green appear cooler and more tranquil Blue like green is relaxing and retiring, but appear cooler than green although darker tones appear to feel warmer. Materialtiy also affects its relative warmth, a dark blue, thick carpet will not provoke a cold feeling. Blue induces feelings of calmness and as a result contemplation and due to its obvious connection to water blue gives expresses cleanliness. However if not used correctly blue can be cold and depressing as refered to in the phrase I have the blues. Blues symbolism has a number of cultural variations. In Rome blue was the colour of a philosopher robe and reflected wisdom. In China blue symbolises immortality and holiness to Hebrews. purple/violet white symbolises many positive things, architecture it prompts a sense of openness and freedom, a white space will always feel more expensive, however if the portion of white is to greater it gives a sense of emptiness. From a multi-discipline perspective, white conjures images of cleanliness, purity, innocence and peace. In Asia white is the colour of mourning but in a positive way, as the believe that death on this earth is the beginning of a better life. black grey Over and under stimulation In terms of of both physiological and psychological factors the balance of stimulation is important in providing the right environment. Both over-stimulation and under-stimulation can have adverse affects on our well-being and the overall impression of a space. For an environment to be most beneficial a balanced variety should be sort. Balance is the securing of unity midst variety. Both variety and unity are required to sustain interest, and these opposing forces must be balanced. Variety is necessary to attract and arouse interest; unity is essential to create a favourable impression and desires. Variety overdone is confusing and unpleasant. Unity overdone is monotonous. The mark of colour arrangement is knowing where to stop between these extremes Exposure to an overly complex visually chaotic environment or extremely monotony, whether it be through colour, pattern or contrast can effect us physiologically by triggering changes in rates of breathing, blood pressure and pulse, thus lead to increased stress levels Over stimulation can induce an increase in muscle tension and is believed to increase ones susceptibility to infection which can lead to ulcers and coronary disease. Surprisingly dull under-stimulating environments can cause increases in heart rate. With no external stimulation one becomes more aware of there inner self. Subject to individuals mentally and nature if their thought, this can lead to fear, anxiety and distress. On a psychological level an under stimulating and thus sensory deficiency setting is known to lead to a lack of concentration, restlessness and irritability. Under stimulation can also lead to perception disorders. It cannot be stressed enough that the balance between unity and complexity is the first and most important rule in the design in beneficial environments However in certain situation it can be the designer objective to create space which are under stimulating. It space may be design as a spiritual and contemplative space which encourages one to look inside themselves for enlightenment To understand the extent of light and colours effect, we must consider it on its own as well as the how it reacts and relates to its environment. Our cognition of light and colour can be largely influenced by how they contrast with there surroudings. There a number of different contrast relationships which alter the way perceive and distinguish: Light-Dark Contrast In its simplest terms this is the contrast between light and shadow. But can also refer the to difference between lightness of colours, but the contrast is most prominent in the achromatic i.e. when no hue is involved. Light dark contrast can be useful for differentiating space. However too great a contrast will cause visual fatigue and strain. Chromatic-Achromatic contrast. Combining the chromatic with the achromatic will alter the perceived intensity and luminosity of the chromatic colour. White and grey nuances weaken a colours luminosity and therefore can be used to neutralise. On the other hand black increase a colours luminosity. Complementary Contrast Complementary contrast occurs between two colour which are as different as possible, location directly opposite on a colour wheel. Each complementary contrast has its own unique feature. For example a contrast between orange and blue gives the greatest warm-cool definition and a yellow-violet contrast give the most intense light-dark contrast. Effect/importance Intensity contrast Describes the contrast between colours of the different saturation. Intensity contrast is best used when a when small amount of pure colour are used as an accent amongst muted colours, which give a particular feature emphases while maintaining the over ambiance of the space. Quantity Contrast Quantity contrast is the proportional relationship between the colours in a space. The proportion of a particular colour plays major role in establishing spatial definition and impression Flicker Contrast licker is a over stimulating contrast, occurring when intense colours with similar lightness or darkness are combined is a space. This type of contrast shows that the colouration has not been considered appropriately, flicker contrasts should be avoid. There are two other physiological contrast which also need to be taken into account when assessing the impact of colour, successive contrast and simultaneous contrast. Simultaneous contrast is the phenomenon where by a colour will be perceived differently with a different foreground, background or environment. For example if a neutral grey is place on a surrounding colour background the grey will appear to have a hint of the complementary colour of the background colour. The perceive change is not reality but is a result of ones colour sensation. Simultaneous contrast does not just affect hue and saturation but also brightness. For example grey will appear lighter against a darker background Successive contrast is a phenomenon where by if one is subjected to a colour stimulus for an excessive amount of time an after image of its complementary colour will occur. For example if one stares at a red surface for a prolonged period of time then look at a white surface, the white surface will appear to be blue green. This after-image is believed to be the result of fatigue. The affect is temporary but nevertheless can be disturbing. e.g.? The physiological reality is that the eye requires any given give colour to be balanced by its complementary, and will generate it if it is not present. Complementary colours also provide psychological balance to warmth and coolness of colour. The after image is a physiological effect which indicates than use us of complementary colours the the most effective way of creating a harmonious space Synesthesia Synesthesia (Greek, syn= together + aisthesis= perception) is a neurological condition in which the stimulation of one sensory modality evokes a experience in another modality, or the crossing of two or more sense. Light and colour not only stimulate the sense of sight but arouses sensations in many other of the other senses through visual and non visual means. Perception of weight as a general rule darker and more saturated colours will appear to be heavier and more dense than lighter and less saturated colours. Warmer colours will also seem heavier than the cooler coolers if the same hue Perception of volume and distance The lighter a space is the more open it will be perceived to be thus a space will appear to have a larger volume than a dark space. Within a space lighter colours, cooler colours and small patterns will appear to recede. With darker or more saturated seeming the protrude thus making distances seem shorter. Perception of temperature it is widely believed that visually, colour can alter our perception of whether a room is warm or cool. Since the formation of the hypothesis several experiments have been observed which seem to prove what was thought . One such example is described by Johannes Itten in his book The Elements of Colour, is experiment illustrates a significant difference in the temperature at an individual felt cold in different coloured room Occupants of the blue-green felt that 59 degrees Fahrenheit was cold, where as the temperature had to fall to 52 degrees Fahrenheit in the red-orange room before the subjects felt cold evidence from a corresponding Norwegian study drew a similar conclusion, in which subjects set a thermostat four degrees lower in a red room compared to a blue room. However test also showed that the effect where only temporary and after a period of time the effects begin to diminish. Perception of Taste and Odours Certain colours can evokes associations with tastes or smells. Colours such as lavender, pale yellow and pink have pleasant associations with smell and colours such as coral, soft yellow and light green are associated with pleasant tastes. These affiliations can be useful in industrial situation to help improve unpleasant environments Perception of Sound Gestalt psychologists such as Heinz Warner, Krakov, Allen and Schwartz have produced evidence that strong odour and taste can alter our perception of colour. It is suggested that strong taste and odours make us more less sensitive to red and more to green. On a similar note through colour association can be used to offset loud environments. For example one may mentally connect highly saturated warm colour with being loud, cool and low saturated colour having the opposite effect, thus cool or low saturated colour can be used to help offset noisy environments a noisy atmosphere will be experienced subjectively as nosier or more bothersome if paint with glaring yellows or reds. Shrill and high pitched sounds may be offset by olive green Perception of Time Some researchers believe that light, colour and pattern can alter our estimation of time. One theory is that subdued, monotonous spaces cause one to overestimated time. Perhaps this is related to boredom and under-stimulation. It is a common conception that time passes more quickly when one is enjoying themselves. Light, colour and our perception of space. Space remains in oblivion without light. Lights shadows and shades, its different sources, its opacity,transparency, translucency and conditions of reflection and refraction intertwine to define or redefine space. Light subjects space to uncertainty, forming a kind of tentative bridge through fields of experience Steven Holl The way we use and perceive a space is greatly influence by light and colour along with the factors described. Above the have the ability to define boundaries and differentiate spaces. They provide orientation and consciously and unconsciously affect how we move through a building. Furthermore due to the synesthetic sensations they induce as described above, light and colour alter the perceived dimensioning of a space. Space, as we experience it in architectural settings is a result of our entire perceptual system. One sees the environment not with the eyes but with eyes-in-the-head-on-the-body-resting-on-the-ground As we have found out light and shadow can be a powerful tool with which to reveal meaning. However they also play a major role in defining our sense of space, if we manipulate light we alter our perception of architectural space. Before structure, walls, ceiling and floor, it was light which estbalished boundaries. At night a room for early man was defined by light admitted by fire, the extremity of which came when light faded into darkness.

Bump in the Breast Essays -- Personal Narrative Cancer Health Medicine

Bump in the Breast I don’t want to die, I thought to myself. I didn’t do anything to deserve this. I’m a good person, but so was my mother and she had it too. Did she give it to me? Will I still be a woman if I only have one breast? Maybe death would be better than being half a woman. I can’t take this, where is the damn doctor? â€Å"Lynn, you’ll be fine. It’s just a tiny lump.† Randy said, trying to comfort me. â€Å"Yeah, well that tiny lump could kill me like it did my mother.† I paused and looked ruefully at my husband. â€Å"Sorry, I’m just nervous.† â€Å"I understand, but your mother didn’t have the technology we have today. Doctor Brood will be back soon with the results of your mammogram, I’ll go get you some water.† With that, Randy left the somewhat decrepit examination room. Randy was right, but I couldn’t help worrying. I can’t imagine going through this without him. We got married ten years ago and our ceremony was dedicated to my mother, Diane, who died of breast cancer when I was twelve. Now here I sit, waiting to see if I will face the same fate. â€Å"Here you go.† Randy said as he handed me a small Dixie cup filled with cold water. Just as Randy sat down, the door flew open and Doctor Brood entered the room. My palms were sweating, my heart was pounding and I wasn’t sure if I would be able to take whatever the doctor was about to say. Doctor Brood took a deep breath and began to speak, â€Å"We caught the lump in your left breast early enough to treat it. But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He paused. â€Å"There’s another tumor in your right breast that has reached a dangerous stage, but we can take care of it. I’m going to give you some literature to read and some forms to sign. I don’t want you to worry – we do these procedures all the time and th... ...o my eyes. â€Å"Show your little girl what an amazing woman her mother is, show others there is always hope, and prove to the world ‘What doesn’t kill us, makes us stronger’. I love you Lynn and will always be watching over you.† With that, she began to ascend the staircase with the other angles and fade into the night sky. â€Å"I love you too! Mom, wait†¦ wait!† She was gone, but not really. A smile crept into my lips. â€Å"Sweetie, are you alright? Who were you talking to?† Randy asked as he came outside. â€Å"My guardian angel, I’m fine†¦ everything will be fine.† I said as I threw my arms around him. â€Å"Well, whatever happened, I’m glad it did. It’s good to see you smile† he murmured, looking a little perplexed but pleased. I looked at brightest star in the sky, then back at Randy and said, â€Å"I needed a little help to realize this was just another bump in the breast.†